激光加工非金属复合材料的研究与应用进展

非金属复合材料是一种低密度、高强度、高模量的高性能材料，目前已经成为航天卫星上不可或缺的关键结构材料。但与此同时，该类材料也是一种极难加工的各向异性非均质材料，采用传统的接触式方法加工易产生崩边、分层、起毛、撕裂等问题。激光制造技术作为一种开始逐步走向实用化的先进制造技术，具有材料去除能力强、加工精度高、损伤可控等一系列优点，是一种实现非金属复合材料高性能加工、满足现有和未来需求的理想方法。本文围绕航空航天领域应用较为广泛的碳纤维复合材料、芳纶纤维复合材料和陶瓷基复合材料，系统地综述了国内外激光加工非金属复合材料的研究与应用进展。其中技术分支涉及切割、制孔、铣削刻蚀、清洗等实体减材制造技术。最后对非金属复合材料激光加工方法的未来研究重点和工程应用前景进行了总结与展望。     

临近空间地面模拟装置等离子体源仿真研究

为了指导临近空间地面模拟装置中等离子体源结构设计及等离子体环境参数优化，围绕相关指标体系要求，采用数值模拟方法，分析临近空间等离子体环境地面模拟装置中的射流等离子体与下游目标模拟体相互作用。通过研究射流入口处等离子体状态与下游等离子体对钝体包覆效果的依赖关系，明确了影响包覆特性的关键等离子体参数、重要外控参量，及其对下游目标模拟体包覆特性的影响规律。仿真结果表明：相对于其他因素，射流入口的半径、气体流速、速度偏角、气体温度、钝体直径、环境背压等工况对有效实验区长度及厚度参数的影响较大。相关结果对于临近空间等离子体环境地面模拟装置中等离子体源优化设计及等离子体环境参数定向调控具有指导和借鉴意义。     

基于IM/DD体制的星间激光通信测距技术

随着当前低轨卫星组网星座计划的日益增加，对卫星间高精度校时、测距需求也越来越迫切。提出基于直调直检IM/DD（Intensity Modulation with Direct Detection）的测距技术的实现方法，使其能同时兼顾测距精度及系统成本。基于IM/DD的测距是利用高精度的秒脉冲到达时间来测量距离。使用IM/DD光通信的数据传输方式，在正常的数据帧传输中插入少量的测距信息，无需中断正常的通信模式，也无需网络时钟频率同步，数据帧的发送周期也无需与秒脉冲保持同步关系，即可使用双向单程测距方法进行测距。使用秒脉冲对本地时钟进行频率测量，对测距过程参数进行修正，只需要采用普通晶体振荡器作为本地时钟源，不需要使用高精度测距通常所需的全网络同步时钟信号或者高稳定度时钟源，便可以达到IM/DD通信码元时间量级的测距准确度和精确度，同时降低了时频同步系统的复杂度、对元器件的要求以及整个通信测距系统的成本，解决了现有技术中测距精度及系统成本不易同时兼顾的问题。     

IABC: An iteratively automatic machine learning boosted hand-eye calibration method for laser displacement sensor

An on-machine measuring (OMM) system with a laser displacement sensor (LDS) is designed for measuring free-form surfaces of hypersonic aircraft’s radomes. To improve the measurement accuracy of the OMM system, a novel Iteratively Automatic machine learning Boosted hand-eye Calibration (IABC) method is proposed. Both the hand-eye relationship and LDS measurement errors can be calibrated in one calibration process without any hardware changes via IABC. Firstly, a new objective function is derived, containing analytical parameters of the hand-eye relationship and LDS errors. Then, a hybrid calibration model composed of two kernels is proposed to solve the objective function. One kernel is the analytical kernel designed for solving analytical parameters. Another kernel is the automatic machine learning (AutoML) kernel designed to model LDS errors. The two kernels are connected with stepwise iterations to find the best calibration results. Compared with traditional methods, hand-eye experiments show that IABC reduces the calibration RMSE by about 50%. Verification experiments show that IABC reduces the measurement deviations by about 25%-50% and RMSEs within 40%. Even when the training data are obviously less than the test data, IABC performs well. Experiments demonstrate that IABC is more accurate than traditional hand-eye methods.     

Development and coupling test of active spacecraft potential control – Next generation (ASPOC-NG)

The active spacecraft potential control (ASPOC) system developed in the 1990s emits positive ions to neutralise the spacecraft potential, such as used in several missions like Geotail, Equator-S, Cluster, Doublestar and MMS. With the experience gained, the next generation of the active spacecraft potential control (ASPOC-NG) instrument has been developed over the last three years. Thereby, three emission technologies were tested including Liquid Metal Ion Source (LMIS), Liquid Metal Electron Source (LMES) and Solid Metal Electron Source (SMES). The development of the emitter module by FOTEC and the corresponding electronics control unit by IWF is presented. Optimisations were carried out with the focus on the reduction of mass and power consumption to comply with the requirements of future scientific missions. Coupling tests of the modules and the electronics control unit were performed including range, accuracy and lifetime tests. Both ASPOC-NG instruments for positive and negative charge compensation and their performance values show excellent results.     

高频热等离子体法合成纳米ZrC粉体及其表征

以炭黑和甲烷分别作为碳源,四氯化锆作为锆源,采用高频热等离子体法合成了超细ZrC粉体。分别采用XRD、高频红外燃烧、SEM、化学重量法对实验产物进行了表征,分析了超细ZrC粉体的物相、纯度、粒径与碳源及进气量之间的影响规律。研究表明:采用不同碳源所合成的ZrC粉体粒径均在100 nm以下,相比较炭黑为碳源,甲烷作为碳源合成的产品纯度高,氧含量低,产率大,因此,甲烷作为碳源更适于批量制备超细ZrC粉体。     

基于PSK调制的数字通信信号仿真分析技术

基于PSK调制的数字通信系统在无线通信工程实践中有着广泛的应用，由于受到各种条件的限制，从实际工程系统接收到的PSK数字通信信号在教学科研中不易获得，而PSK调制仿真数据则可以自己产生。在掌握通信原理和仿真技术的基础上利用Matlab实现对BPSK、DPSK、QPSK、DQPSK、8PSK、π/4-DQPSK、OQPSK等数字通信信号源的模拟仿真，可对调制体制、工作频率、传输码率、采样频率、信道特征等参数进行灵活设置，并按要求生成规定格式的DAT数据文件，可作为调制方式识别软件的训练和测试样本。结合模方谱、平方谱、四次方谱、八次方谱等谱线参数特征，同时结合星座图和眼图进行基于PSK调制的数字通信信号的调制体制判别和验证。     

便携式微振动可视化测量仪的设计与实现

针对微振动难以察觉、振动测量中接触式的电测法需要布置大量传感器、非接触式的光测法测量速度慢且价格昂贵的问题，设计了基于视觉的便携式微振动可视化测量仪。提出了基于盲源分离的灰度平均测量算法以提取振动信号，结合视频放大算法实现微振动可视化，并基于嵌入式开发平台将测量系统集成为便携式仪器。在试验中,良好的可视化效果和准确的测量结果验证了所提方法的有效性，可为振动测量中存在的问题提供新的解决思路。     

Collaborative optimization design of process parameter and structural topology for laser additive manufacturing

High-resolution laser additive manufacturing (LAM) significantly releases design freedom, promoting the development of topology optimization (TO) and advancing structural design methods. In order to fully take advantage of voxelated forming methods and establish the quantitative relationship between the mechanical properties of printing components and multiple process factors (laser- and process- parameters), the concurrent optimization design method based on LAM should cover the process-performance relationship. This study proposes a novel artificial intelligence-facilitated TO method for LAM to concurrently design microscale material property and macroscale structural topology of 3D components by adopting heuristic and gradient-based algorithms. The process–structure–property relationship of selective laser sintering is established by the back propagation neural network, and it is integrated into the TO algorithm for providing a systematic design scheme of structural topology and process parameter. Compared with the classical optimization method, numerical examples show that this method is able to improve the mechanical performance of the macrostructure significantly. In addition, the collaborative design method is able to be widely applied for complex functional part design and optimization, as well as case studies on artificial intelligence-facilitated product evaluation.     

齿轮故障识别的密度峰值聚类欠定盲源分离算法

为提高盲源分离算法在振动源数目估计问题中的噪声鲁棒性，提出了一种基于密度峰值聚类的欠定盲源分离算法。对预处理后的信号提取单源点，通过密度峰值聚类对单源点进行聚类得到混合矩阵的估计值。通过基于压缩感知模型对源信号进行重构，得到分离信号。为验证所提算法分离准确性和噪声鲁棒性，用所提算法对不同信噪比下的仿真信号进行分离，结果显示：在信噪比不低于4 dB时，所提算法均可以准确分离出源信号，算法的准确性和鲁棒性得到验证。设计旋转部件故障诊断试验台对所提算法在实际应用中的有效性进行验证，对实测复合故障振动信号进行分离，试验结果表明该算法成功分离出观测信号中的锥齿轮和行星齿轮单一故障特征，有助于工程中旋转部件故障诊断。